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Madagascar
History
Main article: History of Madagascar
As part of eastern Gondwana, the territory of Madagascar separated from Africa about 160 million years, the island of Madagascar was created when separating the Indian subcontinent from 80 to 100,000 .000 years. Most archaeologists believe that the human settlement of Madagascar happened between 200 and 500 AD, when the sailors of South Asia (probably from Borneo or South Celebes) arrived in outrigger sailing canoes. Bantu settlers probably crossed the Mozambique Channel to Madagascar at about the same time or shortly thereafter. However, Malagasy tradition and ethnographic evidence suggests that they may have been preceded by hunter-gatherers of Mikea. The Anteimoro who established a kingdom in southern Madagascar in the Middle Ages to trace their origin to immigrants from Somalia.
The written history of Madagascar began in the 7th century, when Muslims established trading posts along the northwest coast. During the Middle Ages, the kings of the island began to extend their power through trade with neighbors in the Indian Ocean, including Arabic, Persian and Somali traders who are connected with Madagascar East Africa, Middle East and India.
Large chiefdoms began to dominate large areas of the island. Among these were the Sakalava chiefdoms Menabe, centered in what is now the town of Morondava, and of Boina, centered in what is now the provincial capital of Mahajanga (Majunga). The influence of the Sakalava extended across what are now the provinces of Antsiranana, Mahajanga and Toliara. Madagascar has served as important trading port for ocean-going African east coast of Africa has been a trade route to the Silk Road, and served simultaneously as a port for ships entering.
The wealth created in Madagascar through trade has created a state ruled by powerful regional rulers known as Maroserana. These monarchs adopted the cultural traditions of the subjects in their territories and expanded their kingdoms. They took the divine status, and new nobility and craft classes were created. Madagascar has worked in the Middle Ages, the East Africa as a port of contact for the port to other Swahili city-states as the provinces of Sofala, Kilwa, Mombasa and Zanzibar.
European contact began in the 1500s, when Portuguese sea captain Diogo Dias sighted the island after his ship separated from a fleet going to India. The Portuguese continued to trade with the Islanders and named the island then Loureno (St. Lawrence). In 1666, Franasois Caron, the director general of the newly formed French East India, sailed to Madagascar. The Company has failed to establish a colony on Madagascar but established ports on the nearby islands of Bourbon and Ile de France (Runion today and Mauritius). In the late 17th century French trading posts established along the East Coast.
The most famous pirate utopia is that of Captain Misson and his pirate crew, who founded the colony free Libertatia in northern Madagascar in the late 17th century. Since about 1774 to 1824, Madagascar was a favorite place for pirates, including Americans, one of which rice Madagascar South Carolina. Many European sailors were shipwrecked on the coast of the island, among them Robert Drury, whose newspaper is one of the few written representations of life in southern Madagascar during the 18th century. Madagascar sailors sometimes called "Island of the Moon".
Andrianampoinimerina
(1795-1819)
I Radama
(1810-1828)
I Ranavalona
(1828-1861)
Radama II
(1861-1863)
Rasoherina
(1863-1868)
Ranavalona II
(1868-1883)
Ranavalona III
(1883-1897)
In the early 1790s, Merina rulers succeeded in establishing hegemony over most of the island, including the coast. In 1817, the Merina ruler and the British governor of Mauritius has concluded a treaty of a.